Will3" cultural life"
Beijing ideological
In this time, basic educational course reform is medium-high, the organization form of ideological political course has adopted module type structure, the full-time ordinary ideological political course standard of high school worked out in the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China( experiment)( following abbreviation in" course standard") the module that has increased " cultural life". The teaching material of " cultural life " is compiled according to" course standard". For masses of teacher," cultural life" is the brand-new content in the ideological political lesson of high school, a lot of persons for this course and teaching material still lack overall understanding, here, I divide 7 aspects to give introduction for course and teaching material.
One , " cultural
Our everybody stays in certain cultural life , experiences cultural influence constantly. Culture is the human phenomenon with peculiar social place. It is the survival for mankind that mankind creates and develops , produce important influence. No matter staying artistic universe, the magnificent America or further nongovernmental life that realizes art experiences varied and graceful local customs, restraining or going boating knowledge is marine, with former virtuous sage Zhe the dialogue that carries out soul , the travel of each spirit, can bring our unique culture experience. Culture as if blood is the same to soak our heart, water the oasis of a flat spirit. Cultural life gives us rich knowledge, Li refine our fine quality, give our powerful spirit strength. We live in culture , should know cultural life phenomenon , analyse cultural essence and characteristic , know the law of cultural development, participation and the correct judgment of forming for culture the ability of selecting of cultural life.
" cultural life" increase in the ideological political course of high school set up will repair module, and" economic life"" political life"" life and philosophy" form the ideological political lesson of high school together will repair content. It is a to repair module and elective module, undertake the basic function of the ideological political education of middle school together. " cultural life " stay the cultural life in which with student to rely on , make student know ability and the basic knowledge of how various cultural phenomenons get to participate in various cultural activity in current life, include carrying out cultural reward Xi , raising cultural discipline, understanding culture biography Cheng , the meaning etc. that blend and create. In this process, student can experience the glamour of Chinese culture , knows the reason of the promotion spirit of Chinese nation; Know the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics , is the important strength that condenses and encourages all the Chinese people , is the important sign of overall national strength. At the same time, make student in current cultural life , discriminate with great efforts to know backward culture , resist rotten culture , attend actively the cultural activity that health is helpful for , jump into socialist ideological and ethical progress , pursue higher morals goal constantly. What is more important is that the study that passes through this module , student represents heartfelt realization the Communist Party of China throughout Chinese advanced culture ongoing direction; Believe that develop advanced culture in contemporary China , is that development faces modernization , face the socialist culture of the masses of world and the, national science that faces the future.
2 , why will increase
The installation of content of " cultural
It is first, the changes of
Human society is a organic whole, economy, politics and culture are the 3 developments of this organic whole that form part and promote society together. Culture is the total name of human spiritual campaign and its product. Culture belongs to the category of social consciousness in principle , is the reflection for that society exists , social existence most foundation is the economy of people , politics and it society relation, therefore culture is also the outcome of economy and politics. Any cultural product is the human result for that external objective world carries out thought processing , embodies requirement and the interests of human self on the one hand , has distinct class in class society; On the other hand, again reflect that people know and reform spiritual accomplishment and the degree of objective world , so again have generality, such as science and technology cultural etc.. At the same time, any culture is created by the group who are in common region and have common language and common psychology , thus culture again has nationalness. The core of cultural idea is world outlook and values.
Historical materialism tells us, society is always in the contradictory sport of economy, politics and culture , when in productivity and production the contradictory sport of relation, economic foundation and superstructure development. Culture shows in role and the position in social development through its reaction for that productivity develops to come out. Marxism is considered , productivity is the basic power of social development , is also the basic strength of cultural development. However the common role of forming to cannot depart from each essential factor of society of productivity, culture when receive productivity decision at the same time, can again develop to productivity with kinetic reaction. Cultural development for productivity promote role to embody when pass through the innovation of science and technology mainly form new productivity with transformation; Through ideological and moral education and scientific cultural construction raising, the quality of person offers ideological power and intelligent support for the development of society; Pass for society system builds Gou guidance role, the optimization that realizes socioeconomy system and political system so produces new productivity. In contemporary society, culture with economy and politics blend increasingly, join mutually , promote mutually.
Culture is a nation, is denied with country with the important foundation of survival development, it is also to distinguish in the important sign of other nations and countries. Culture is the foundation of national survival and development as blood pulse and the soul of nation , is the spiritual tie of the national unification and national unity of holding together. Reviewing thousands of world calendar histories, it is unique that Chinese nation goes through suffering and is continuous , life and growth in nature and a important reason are because a deep cultural tradition has a common spiritual home. Origin is civilized in Chinese 5000 years, the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics that stands on in great contemporary practice is the symbol of the identity of Chinese nation, most unite the people of the whole country extensively and even the banner of Chinese around the world, it is that encouragement people of all nations builds great motherland , realizes the powerful spiritual prop of national rejuvenation. People when creation culture, in the final analysis, it is creating self. Any a kind of cultural creation is that the self of person creates. Each nation and country are creating own culture. The certain stage of this kind of cultural and historical development contacts with specific socioeconomy form , permeates the behavior way and mental world that influences people in every aspect of social life.
Say from certain meaning, cultural development level has reflected the development of a nation and country degree. Culture is not only the important sign of overall national strength , is also the important composition part of overall national strength , is the powerful spiritual power of economic development and social progress. In the development of the present age and economy, social progress and the strengthening of overall national strength depend on in the development of science and technology , depend on in cultural development level and its influence. Culture in human social development role is sticking out increasingly. In the great struggle of contemporary Chinese people, will strengthen creativity and the cohesiveness of Chinese nation constantly, in achievement generation, another generation has ideal , has morals , has culture , has the socialist citizen of discipline , must promote teenagers to know cultural phenomenon , knows cultural essence , respects the excellent direction of world each nation that cultural accomplishment and assurance culture develop , combines new practice and times development requirement, advocate and build health energetically upward , the rich and colorful, socialist culture that has Chinese style and Chinese manner , the new splendor of effort casting Chinese culture.
It is second, the cultural competitive
Along with the change of international situation and the acceleration of economic globalization, the cultural exchange between country increasing frequently, at the same time, the cultural competitive increasingly intense, also increasing complex, cultural safe problem between country is more and more stressed. Cultural safety belongs to the category of non traditional safety , is the important composition part of national security. It includes cultural exchange, cultural propagation and the choice right of cultural legislative power, cultural administrative power, cultural system and ideology , independence right. Cultural safety is the spiritual prerequisite of national steady development, in present world, culture more and more becomes propagation, cultural exchange and the important composition part of countries national overall national strength to more and more become contradiction and the collision of culture and the important content of countries correlation, also more and more become a aspect of international competitive and international conflict. Because of culture, factor is deep level for the influence of a nation and a country , creep is silent , it is also long term, deep , so protects homeland , with the cultural safety of this nation, have become the focal point that people pay attention to. United Nations Development Program when1992" annual human development report " in, list as cultural safety for the first time a basic right that human society should enjoy. The 16 big reports of party are put forward clearly: " present world, culture and economy are political and mutual to blend , are more and more stressed in role and the position in the competition of overall national strength. " we will leave from the angle of national overall safety, to cultural safety, give enough attention. Strengthen the training for the educational and humanity quality of student cultural knowledge , is the realistic problem that we must pay attention to.
From the challenge that we face , carry out outside cultural infiltration and expansion with the news mediums such as the press of broadcasting and television , is to carry out the customary practice of the strategy of peaceful evolution with the American country that heads. The finish of cold war after, this kind of cultural infiltration of western country more aggravating the situation by, now, western country is implementing all-around cultural infiltration using all means such as broadcasting film television newspaper for developing country , is open or conceal land market its political theory, values, ideology and life style, in order to reach the purpose of " not war bends person soldier ". What most stick out is that they carry out cultural invasion without restraint using internet. Internet is open , is shared , many to and overlapping characteristic, cause countries government in the cultural control force of ideology field for national citizen to tend to decrease. America relies on in recent years in the advantage of self in network technology, is control world cultural resource it establishment the important a ring of global hegemony. Futurology home holds Fu Le to point out: " the magic square of future world politics will control is possessing the manpower of message power , they use message and the network control right of the grasp on hand to issue right , reach the purpose of conquest and control world using this powerful cultural language advantage of English. " how to in intense cultural competition, carry forward excellent Chinese culture continuously, maintenance takes off innovation traditional culture constantly for the identification of Chinese culture in new situation , is maintaining our advantage in cultural competition , is we must the major issue of thought.
Stern situation and the realistic needs of national cultural safety, requirement we insist Marxism land the guidance position of ideology field, insist to foster and promote national spirit , put forth effort to establish suit with socialist market economy , normalize appearance coordination with socialist law , accept the task of with the traditional virtue of Chinese nation, with the development tendency of human civilization the socialist morals system with consistent appearance, the ongoing direction that raises scientific and cultural qualities and the ideological and ethnical qualities of the clan of whole people constantly and holds advanced culture firmly develops energetically to face the, national, scientific, popular socialist culture that modernizes and faces world and faces the future. In the ideological political lesson of high school, increase to set up the content of " cultural life " , have met the needs of this kind of cultural competition.
3th and construction socialist
In the 16 classes of 4 of party, plenary decides to point out that party will lead people to drive forward the great career of socialism with Chinese characteristics , must develop socialist culture energetically , strengthens the together ideological foundation of the concerted struggle of the whole Party of the people of the whole country constantly. This is the needs of overall construction socialist harmonious society , is the needs that drive forward the great career of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Socialist harmonious society is the society of economic, political, cultural coordinative development, overlook socialist culture is built , will lose spiritual power and the spiritual prop of social development , will also lose ongoing direction.
Even reinforcement is cultural, construction is also valuable experience and the political advantage of the Communist Party of China. For more than 80 years, the Communist Party of China holds high the banner of Chinese advanced culture tightly around central task and the political route of every period with great efforts, build and promote reflection to make revolution , the new culture of construction and reform requirement, cleaning up the and foreign infiltration that old society leaves come in decadent and declining old culture, from thought and spirit goes up maximumly liberation and have encouraged people, in party and the people of the whole country, have formed to condense common ideal and the correct guideline of popular feeling and unified will. Since reforming and opening up, our party is leading the great magnificent practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics , insist to keep pace with the times , explore the law of ideology work actively , have formed policy, principle and the policy with a series of effective correctness , have promoted the health of ideology work to develop strongly. To hold the ongoing direction of advanced culture firmly. It concerns the success or failure of ups and downs of a party and a country. Advanced culture is the crystallization of human civilized progress , and is the huge power that promotes human society to go forward , it complies with historical trend , reflects spirit of the times , represents social development direction , embodies the fundamental interests of people.
Now, stage and the culture of our country develop the tendency that presents variation , various cultural forms are complicated and complex , not interweave and interact mutually with cultural idea, in general, the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics has become the main part of contemporary Chinese culture, lead and integrate other various cultures. However, because of the reason of history and reality, society goes up still have some backward cultures with superstition and ignorant, dispirited, vulgar etc. color, there is even still some rotten cultures of harm socialist career and the mental world of corrosion people. Must insist to use the cultural appreciation level of advanced culture that occupies ideological position and raises masses and the grade of cultural new product constantly, absolutely do not allow to poison people's, pollutive society and on the contrary socialist thing overflow. To resist rotten culture firmly, it is for the corrosion of people , reduce and reject them step by step so as to the soil that breeds. To insist the ongoing direction of advanced culture , must develop advanced culture energetically, reform backward culture with great efforts while supporting the culture that health is helpful for , resist rotten culture firmly.
It is 4th, the overall development
The times that change fast have put forward higher requirement for the quality of middle school student. Build the historical mission of well-off standard society in an all-round way, the revolution of science and technology gush huge tide, the process of economic globalization that accelerates constantly is increasingly intense and international to compete , makes various cultural phenomenons colorful, various, not agitate mutually with culture, have put forward new challenge and higher requirement for cultural quality and the ideological political quality of the student of high school. The students' affairs division of high school in crucial period that world outlook, philosophy of life and values form , body and mind develop quickly, self consciousness and independence are stronger, social public life space scope is more and more big, and beginning thinks deeply rationally society and the major issue of life. The plasticity of high school student is strong, but mood is still unstable , has changefulness , is easily excited or extreme, need to promote the guidance of ideology and reinforced methodology urgently , make it be carrying out correct judgment and choice in complicated complex cultural life. The very culture function have decided that it can enrich the mental world of people , increases the spiritual strength of people, promote the overall development of person. Know cultural basic theory, for is in world outlook and values form teenagers have the role that cannot replace. The course of " cultural life " is to pay attention to the demand of student spiritual and cultural activity with Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of " Three Represents " to guide , makes them treasure the value of Chinese culture, reward Xi the essential part of different national culture, differentiate now various cultural phenomenons and culture ideological trend, know cultural biography Cheng blend with culture the role for cultural innovation, raise the cultural ongoing direction of understanding and distinguishing ability , pursuing higher morals goal and holding advanced culture of self , extend international field of vision further , set up and promote national spirit while strengthening open consciousness.
3 , " cultural life"
The teaching material of " cultural life " is taking" course standard" as the basic basis of compiling. At the same time, teaching material compile also implement with great efforts" the decision of the State Council about basic educational reform and development" and Ministry of Education" the ordinary course scheme of high school( experiment)" spirit.
1." cultural life"
" cultural life" is the stage of high
It is first in order to carry out Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory and "Three Represents" important ideological basic viewpoint education is major goal. Through this volume teaching material, cultivate idealism faith and the patriotism feelings of student , arouse their strong social sense of responsibility and historical mission sense. When every part of teaching material, permeate correct world outlook, philosophy of life and values organicly, ample embodiment textbook give birth to person function. As the ideological teaching material of other political lesson each volumes, " cultural life " also undertake the function of ideology correspondingly. This kind of function organic blend in teaching material, the notice of teaching material is held at two o'clock, one is to guarantee the authoritativeness of the accuracies of Party's line, principles and policies and basic tenets of Marxism. Teaching material compile for some popular sayings, as the understanding for the concept of " popular culture ", our basis comrade Mao Zedong the viewpoint in" new-democratic theory", it is " is the culture of people's the masses " to understand it , instead of a kind of cultural industrial times of understanding " popular culture". Teacher will at the same time want the education in patriotism enacted according to central and relevant department to implement outline with basic theory of Marxism for guidance when using teaching material , the file spirits such as " citizen morals implement outline ", " middle and primary school develops promotion and the cultivation educational enforcement of national spirit outline " and " the State Council of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China about strengthen and improve the person under age further some opinions of ideological and moral education ", hold its spiritual essence well. 2 wants the ideology function infiltration of teaching material when knowledge pass on in and the grasp of method. Such as cultural and political, economic relation, culture is for the influence of person , cultural biography Cheng basic law, the channel of cultural innovation, the special quality of Chinese culture, national spirit build Gou etc., will combine the knowledge content of teaching material to carry out organic infiltration , melt knowledge, ability and values in one body, instead of two skins. On the description of the knowledge point of teaching material, the complexity of notice cultural phenomenon also guides student while insisting positive guide and positive education clearly, is strengthening the ability of differentiating for complex thing for the analysis of actual cultural phenomenon. If is for classics and popular analysis , is for the analysis of dross and the essential part in traditional culture , it is not to do value appraisement simplely, and guiding student to pass through phenomenon see essence , carry out specific analysis for problem , reach correct conclusion by oneself.
It is second, teaching material contacts social life closely, content keeps close to student thought , keeps close to student feelings , keeps close to student reality, the frame design of teaching material is helpful for probe and the practice of student to study. Emphasize the realistic life with actual attention , enlarge the field of vision of student , raise their social ability that suits , raise them to probe the habit of type study. This volume teaching material is not to stickle to the traditional emphasis knowledge of teaching material to pass on the trend of knowledge , is noticed from the problem that student has been faced with and will soon face society , is designed from the angle that increases their social ability of participating. Therefore teaching material has dense times breath, hold theme of times tightly , aim the newest development of present times. Do not evade problem and contradiction, is for major realistic problem straight surface reply, so, the times sense that has strengthened teaching material has also increased the interest of the learning enthusiastic probe of student , is from content and nominal attraction student joins in knowledge, ability and values build in Gou process comes. The thought of the ample embodiment quality-oriented education of teaching material is implemented with educational theory with student of book, making teaching material become with great efforts is teacher teaching basis, it is also the reading material with better student , is helpful for teachers and students to move mutual , strengthens the interest of student active study. Teaching material allows installation, structural design and the surfaces such as overall department department in side puts forth effort accomplish teacher good religion, student is diligent. In teaching material, have designed plenty of probe campaigns, knowledge teach combine with the participation of student, values and the training of ability raise to combine.
3th emphasizes , at the same time stress times feature and the spirit that keeps pace with the times with national spirit and the excellent culture of Chinese nation with all excellent accomplishment training students of human civilization, strengthen initiative, actual effect and the specific aim of ideological political lesson teaching.
2." cultural life"
It is first," cultural life" teaching material " faithful course standard ". Teaching material according to" course standard" requirement, design the overall frame of whole book , select the content of teaching material , make teaching material implement the spiritual essence of course standard , meet the needs of current educational reform. " course standard" is teaching material the constitution compiled , it is the basic basis of compiling teaching material. This volume teaching material in when compile strict according to" course standard" go on , emphasize to hold the spiritual essence of " course standard " , but again do not adhere rigidly to the specific description of " course standard ". Though, some content of teaching material has broken through " course standard", its essence is still the embodiment of " course standard " that has creativity specifically.
It is second, this volume ample embodiment innovation spirit of teaching material. The prerequisite in the strict assurance scientificness of teaching material takes off , adopt various ways inspiration, liveliness and the reality of protruding current teaching material. Teaching material takes place according to the cultural inner logic of " is what why how to see what to be done ", in compiling , notice to hold this inner logic , but is also not to build knowledge system inflexiblely. We have emphasized the very teaching material the logics of realistic life and inner logic unification, it is not to display logic with content with logic restraint content.
3th and this volume teaching material pay attention to life experience and the life experience of student. Teaching material is not excessive to stickle to the knowledge logic of subject , but is to pay attention to the life world of student with the realistic life of student for origin, pay attention to interest and the life experience of student , pay attention to change and the development of times. Notice overcomes simple say that discuss to grow up to melt trend, the form and content of teaching material obey and serve in raising the social ability of student that suits and the social ability of participating.
4 , " cultural life"
To realize the theory pursuit of " course standard " well , reflect the characteristic of the stage education of high school, it is complete that the teaching material of " cultural life " has adopted system , level the clear and flexible lively way of presenting , make the characteristic of teaching material distinct, mainly outstanding , structure strictness.
1." cultural life"
It is spread out that this
Teaching material divides into 4 units, every unit has a succinct Dao language, it tells classmate study meaning and the major content of this unit, in order to lead into classmate the probe of this theme field.
Every unit2To3Lesson and each lesson are formed by life theme of a relative independence into the theme content of text. Each lesson has a introduction , has connecting role, have also explained theme of this lesson.
Each subject2A frame is inscribed
Set up3A eye is inscribed , under every eye problem, text forms distinct logic trunk , is also learning main content, it is for the supplement of text to assist writing , example shows, explains and explains , in order to make the content of teaching material rich and colorful.
Besides text,3Has the program of characteristic very much,
" expert comment point " is for the analysis of difficult problem and extend sexual explanation, the openness that this is helpful to maintain teaching material guides student to think deeply in depth.
" is related to link " is for example, information and data quote , Yi is explaining further , Chan the viewpoint that shows text. This program links some important background information or knowledges, helping them to understand text the problem put forward aims at expanding the scope of student thought and understanding , widens the field of vision of student, and cultivate their imagination and the ability of association of ideas.
" cultural famous person" introduce the related life story, cultural contribution and influence of the thing of cultural worker, these programs have increased readability and the cultural flavor of teaching material.
Teaching material
After each unit, have still arranged to synthesize to probe lesson , Yi when help student carries out probe to study , guide student the knowledge studied links up , developing its comprehensive utilization knowledge analysis solves the ability of problem. It is the systematization of this unit content and deepens further, is unit learning indispensable part. Comprehensive probe campaign has offered relevant background material , have also pointed out the basic train of thought of probe campaign, have also put forward probe campaign the way of demonstrating of accomplishment. Synthesizing probe campaign is teaching material cannot cut apart aircrew becomes partial.
2." cultural life"
It is first , has strengthened the specific aim of ideological political education from life. The teaching material of " cultural life " is implemented actively since selecting content to arrive to present form from the guideline the actual life of student , keeps close to student with great efforts. Teaching material passes through the design of social feelings boundary and problem on the foundation of life experience that student expands step by step, let them feel clearly , is credible, let them learn independent thought in the process of feelings experience and ideological contradiction, preliminary institute carries out organized thought according to method, viewpoint and the stand of dialectical materialism and historical materialism , analyses cultural phenomenon relatively further , can understand the meaning of cultural life , sets up correct cultural sight , selects correct values. Raise the help that ideological political accomplishment offers necessity for them.
It is second , improves the actual effect that teaching material presents form and has raised ideological political education. Teaching material is from selecting content to presenting form, influence force and the attraction of notice source material reach abstract theory as well as party into ear with great efforts with the form of government that route, policy and policy become vivid typical example and lively interesting realistic case and pass through liveliness , enter brain , enter the purpose of heart, through guiding them, autonomous thought reduces its contrary to turn over psychological, training their conscious ability.
3th and description way avoid theoretical deduction as far as possible, embodiment knowledge is comprehensive. Teaching material adopts basically put forward problem from specific scene, then reach theoretically basic conclusion or viewpoint. Such on the one hand is better is theoretical and educational with the politics of the ideological morals education and higher school of junior high to join ( junior high is taking life experience as main force to beg to reach thought go up is conscious, high school emphasizes more on the foundation of considering life scene to reach theoretically assurance, university major basis subject knowledge the review for that life carries out system); On the other hand, it is also helpful to drive forward probe to study , because of comprehensive statement way is conclusion after phenomenon and process.
4th pays attention to the actual application of teaching material , considers both the pioneering general suitableness of teaching material of ideological knowledge. Have only the ideological role of advanced culture and forward position that then can play the part of ideological education really , have only so as student can and the way of being happy to accept compiles , then can raise the function of ideological political education. At the same time teaching material compile to consider the area of educational level discrepancy, when selecting and arranging the image system, practice and student campaign and content of teaching material, emphasize general suitableness, with a view to the teaching campaign of different region teachers and students. The content of teaching material chooses volume to still proceed from reality, respect the experience of student realistic life, breakthrough is from concept to the outmoded pattern of principle, noticing to reserve to teacher and student have the space extended.
5th and both high-quality pictures and written explanations raise interest and the readability of teaching material. Teaching material when each unit has offered visual content structural sketch map , it is helpful for student to be for the assurance of overall content and is for the integration of knowledge. The emphasis text and supplement of teaching material writing and writing and signal the appropriate proportion of illustration relation. On the one hand, it is graceful to make great effort writing, it is concise and shrewd to pawn , it is accurate and lively , matches on the one hand with exquisite illustration , makes complete teaching material excellent in pictures and writings.
5 , " cultural life"
" cultural life" teaching material minute is 4 units: " culture and life ", " cultural biography Cheng with innovation ", " Chinese culture and national spirit " and " develop advanced culture " have replied 4 themes of course standard respectively, according to " is what: Cultural concept " , " why: " , " how to see cultural development: National spirit " , " what to be done: Cultural construction " logic order come to take place. 4 unit rings appearance deduct , push forward layer upon layer , have formed the organic whole of teaching material of " cultural life ".
First unit: " culture
This unit is total theory and the introduction of teaching material , is that this whole teaching material offers the knowledge of basicness mainly. Role, function and the basic concept of this unit narration culture. It is the outcome of social practice to include culture, as the spiritual campaign of mankind, as society develops , there is the role of restriction and guide; Lively and positive cultural life can enrich the mental world of person , strengthens the spiritual strength of person , promotes the overall development of person; Contemporary society, culture and economy and politics blend mutually, in role and the position in the competition of overall national strength, it is more and more outstanding to wait for content. Ask to experience through student own life, basic knowledge and the basic concept of forming for culture.
This unit
First lesson" culture and society" use " realize1Framing inscribe " realize culture ", leave mainly2Framing inscribe " culture and economy and politics", is from culture the relation with economy and politics angle, pass for the cultural and economic close relation between politics, the role of explaining culture in social development deepens the understanding of student for cultural concept. This lesson has 3 problem needs to hold:
It1Problem: What
The concept of " culture " that course uses , is relative to its product and the human completely spiritual campaign economy and politics. In which, include world outlook, philosophy of life and values etc. to have the part of ideology nature , and include the part of the non ideologies such as science and technology and language writing. Hold this cultural concept to notice some following basic points.
Firstly, from the relation of cultural and human society, culture is human social peculiar phenomenon. Culture by person create , character place is peculiar. The thing of pure "nature" can not be called as culture. This namely, cultural and human society and livelihood is all. When mankind toasts food that since covering body and preservation kindling material for the first time with beast skin even in one minute , have not only been born culture, also cannot depart from culture since then.
Secondly, is from culture with people the relation of individual comes to see , the cultural quality that everybody has is not and livelihood is all , and it is to educate and train step by step from the experience of social life, especially through participating in cultural activity and accepting cultural knowledge to come out. People create and develop culture in social practice , also get and enjoy culture in social life. That is said, person is cultural creation person , is also cultural creation thing.
Thirdly, from the relation of material carrier and spiritual culture, cultural phenomenon is spiritual phenomenon essentially. The spirit of people moves about to cannot depart from material campaign , spiritual product cannot depart from material carrier, but we observe all cultural phenomenon, is to stress on the mental world of people mainly , sum up is the cultural life of people.
It2Problem: Culture outside prolong
Culture has the expression form that enriches very much , belongs to culture as thought, theory, faith, faith, morals and educational, scientific, literature, artistic etc.; People carry out the process of cultural production, propagation and accumulation , are cultural activity. People live for culture, have the demand that enriches very much, cultural role shows mainly, is social spiritual strength. Culture can change to be material strength in the process that people know world and transformation world as a kind of spiritual strength , develops for society to produce deep influence.
From cultural form, see , have this ancient other region; From cultural quality, see , have advanced and backward, healthy beneficial and decadent and declining minute. Different culture is different for the influence of economy and politics , is different for the role of social development. Different national culture influences the development road of each characteristic of different nation and country; Advanced, healthy beneficial culture can promote the development of society , is backward , rotten culture obstructs the development of society.
It3Problem: What is the relation
It is economic, political and culture is the three big of social life basic field. In which, economy is basic, politics is that economic concentration embodies , culture is the reflection of economy and politics. Certain culture is decided by certain economy and politics, again reaction certain economy and politics, give economy and politics with major influence.
Culture and economy and politics blend mutually, in present times, it is increasingly remarkable. Culture and economy intersect to melt , major expression when: Science and technology in economic development role is more and more important; To promote economy to build developing the training of educational undertaking various high quality talents and raisings have more and more important qualities of labor force; The cultural industries such as books publication and the voice and video of movie and television are quick to rise abruptly , cultural consumption is more rich, in make the overall general layout of cultural productivity in modern economy role more and more stick out. Culture and politics intersect to melt , major expression when: Along with the development of the democratic construction of legal system, people participate in political life , need higher cultural quality; Along with the development of world multipolarization, the country that pursues hegemony has the aid of the way of cultural infiltration, trying best to use the cultural nation of own high praise that replaces other country culture, in order to carry out power politics. This makes world oppose the struggle of cultural hegemony in scope, recover benefit becomes contemporary international political struggle important content.
Second lesson " the influence of culture for1Framing inscribe " feelings cultural influence",2Frame problem " culture moulds life " from rich mental world and strengthening spiritual strength , the angle that promotes to develop 3 differences completely , explain the important role of culture for personal growth. This lesson will hold 3 following problems:
It1Problem: The different
Cultural influence the association way of people. People adopt certain method and form always in contacting with mutually. It is not at the same time acting , different national, different region, as well as the people of different class and stratum carry out the way of various social association , have cultural Indian notes. Contact with the cultural influence in way, some depend on values, it is also some to originate from custom and cultural degree. People contact with the discrepancy of way, see Zhu association implements, symbol and the language of use, also see Zhu the behavior bearing in association process.
Cultural influence the thought way of people. On the foundation of social practice, different cultural environment, different knowledge accomplishment, different values etc. and metropolis influence the angle that people know thing , influence scope and the depth of knowledge, influence different thought way form. The thought way that embodies various cultural influences again influences practice campaign and the knowledge of people conversely.
Cultural influence the way of producing of people. The social way of producing , include productivity and production to concern two aspects. Divide according to the way of producing , human society has gone through primitive society, slave social, feudal society, capitalist society and 5 kinds of socialist social social form. The certain social way of producing decision surely social culture form , and social culture again produces major influence for the social way of producing. The cultural influence for the way of producing , exist in different social form form and replace , also existing in the way of producing of same social form have different characteristic. Besides, culture passes to influence the channels such as investment climate and qualities of labor force , also influencing people to be engaged in production the specific way of labor.
It2Problem: What is the positive
Lively and positive cultural life can enrich the mental world of person. For example, outside reading is one of important cultural life style. Have perseverance for a long time the classical masterpiece of vitality, have condensed the wisdom of mankind, for historical arising, pass major influence. Reward Xi classical masterpiece, may enrich the thought of person. Picture the novels such as " steel how refine " and " youthful song ", educate and inspire the teenagers of generation another generation of our country. Again if, Chinese ancient poem implication has training person the rich nutrition of feelings and aspiration, Qu Yuan , Du wait for famous poet just, have all simultaneously Ji world, it is the aspiration of people wholeheartedly; The image of Chinese drawing has special symbol meaning , although is colored bird bamboo stone, water wave smoke cloud, actually also is feelings entrust , the symbol of personality gives person with rich association of ideas , makes the moral of person get to mould.
Lively and positive cultural life can strengthen the spiritual strength of person. For example, in Anti-Japanese War period, " March of the Volunteers ", " graduate song " and on " Songhuajiang " wait for that the song of resistance against Japan is broad in people to pass to sing , having inspired the military people of resistance against Japan courageously fight the enemy fighting will, form to defeat the powerful spiritual strength of Japanese aggressor. Since reforming and opening up, some excellent works of literature and art have played important role in the aspect of arousing the spiritual strength that people carry out modernization construction. Again if, have read Si Ma Qian and the stories of person such as Ao-Si-Te-Luo-Fu Si-Ji, Zhang Hai Di, Zhu Yan Fu and Huo Jin, reward Xi do not fear the poem of setback word maxim, when we encounter difficulty and setback, through reading the spirit that these stories, poem words and maxims produce , strength will arouse us to defeat difficulty and setback.
Lively and positive cultural life promotes the overall development of person. Social development and the development of person this two processes are broken away from each other, and it is to coalesce mutual for prerequisite and foundation , mutual promotion land forward development. The more person develops completely, the more social material cultural wealth will be created, people's life can get improvement the more, and material cultural condition can again drive forward the overall development of person the more fully the more. The development levels of economic culture and social productivity are to rise step by step , forever endlessly historical process, the overall development of person is also to rise step by step , forever endlessly process.
It3Problem: Culture
First, the influence of culture to person is not tangible, force , is in cultural atmosphere and cultural activity creep silent influence; Secondly, from cultural custom and the world outlook of a person, values and philosophy of life, cultural influence is also far-reaching and lasting.
Second unit: " cultural biography Cheng with innovation
The inside of this unit cultural phenomenon in-depth, from cultural propagation, inheritance and innovation, 3 angles are analysed for the running mechanism of cultural body , make student hold cultural essential feature, know the relation of cultural lateral propagation, vertical inheritance and 3 innovation persons. The meaning of this unit narration cultural propagation, inheritance and innovation. Include along with the development of social practice, on the foundation of inheritance traditional culture, in the intercourse of different national culture, it is new that culture happens through pushing to display , leather reason vessel is new, via mutual reference and combination, realize innovation and development; When developing national cultural, inheritance traditional culture, it is self-appointed to prevent walking firmly , self-blockaded trend, will again prevent " national nihilism" and" historical nihilism" the contents such as trend.
This unit
3th lesson" the propagation of cultural many shapes and cultures" use " many shapes of world culture" and " culture in in exchange development " two frame problems come to analyse cultural lateral development , cultural intercourse and propagation. This lesson will be held3Problem:
It1Problem: How to
Cultural many shapes are also cultural discrepancy. Culture has the discrepancy of content and form , also has the difference of nature, level and function, these are the expressions of cultural many shapes. Cultural many shapes, evidently Zhu every aspects such as language writing, religious belief, ideological theory, literature and art, people house building and custom. The overall, cultural many shapes relative to the culture of world that we say denote many shapes of national culture mainly. Many shapes of world various cultural expression forms will also present through the form of national culture.
World culture is formed together by the culture of different national, different country. No different national, different country has the culture of characteristic each, will not have 100 world cultural gardens to compete Yan cup gorgeous, colorful scene. So, culture is that national, each nation has own cultural character and feature; Culture is also world, each national culture is the indispensable color in world culture.
Cultural many shapes have embodied the cultural creativity of different nation , are the source of cultural wealth , are also the power of cultural development. From the cultural development of countries each nation, the cultures of any country and nation are formed under specific condition , have its strong point , also have its limitation , need to absorb the nutrition of other national cultures in cultural exchange , remedy the defect of self. Cultural many shapes have brought the mutual intercourse between different culture. Through cultural exchange, each national culture absorbs foreign cultural accomplishment constantly, it is enriched and developed that while having promoted world cultural development, also making the culture of own nation unceasing get.
It2Problem: How to
Correct attitude is: Will identify national culture , and will understand other national cultures. To be not between nation , should respect mutually , defend and promote cultural many shapes together while developing national culture. Respect cultural many shapes , is to develop the inner requirement of this national culture , and is the inevitable requirement concerning realizing world cultural prosperity.
Respect is the foundation of human survival and development with the national culture with different preservation. Recognize many shapes of world culture , respect the culture of different nation , must follow the principle of countries cultural same equality in international cultural general affairs. In cultural association process, will respect discrepancy and understanding character , seek peaceful co-existence with great efforts , promote the prosperity of world culture together. There is national equality only, world countries people's talent is respected mutually , develops together; There is cultural many shapes only, world talent is more rich and colorful , is filled with vitality and vigour.
It3Problem: What is the
Transmit message, idea and feelings through certain way, as well as the people that contact with this contact with the social campaign of communication , are cultural propagation. Little arrive to kiss friend get-together , go out to travel , go to various economies, politicses and cultural activity , may become the channel of cultural propagation.
Business trade campaign is important cultural propagation channel. Businessman when carry out trading campaign, not only exchange through merchandise in will merchandise Yun the rich culture contained exchanges , and exchange culture through the association process between person and person.
It is the one of important channel of cultural exchange that population move. Each large-scale population move signifies that large-scale culture propagates , has produced maximum influence for at that time local economy, politics and culture.
Education has the important function of choice, arrangement, transmission, preservation, transformation and creation culture, when in cultural biography Cheng take special important role. Determine educational content , is the process of selecting human culture actually; Organization educational content is the process of arrangement human culture actually. Along with social unceasing development, educational and learning way is improved constantly, for culture biography Cheng the influence with more and more important arising.
Cultural propagation then can realize always through certain medium. Medium general interest has gone through spoken language, writing, printing and electronic and network etc. to develop stage. New medium appears , and does not signify that old medium disappears , various mediums plays important role in cultural propagation. Medium begins to face popular transmission message really , is sign with the popularization of printing media , has the various forms such as the press, broadcast, television and network, this kind of medium is called as popular medium. Now, rely on the modern ITs such as electronic technical, microelectronics technology, the communication technology of optical fiber and network technical, multi-media technology, popular medium can surmount the limitation of space-time to the greatest extent, collect the message from all parts of the world, recover benefit shows the cultural powerful function transmited, linked up and shared , have become the major means of cultural propagation.
4th lesson" cultural inheritance and cultural development", pass through " the inheritance of traditional culture" and " culture in in develop inheritance " two frame problems come to analyse cultural vertical development. Cultural inheritance major embodiment when on the inheritance of traditional culture. The in actual life of traditional culture has the great correct attitude and method that influences and takes affect and inherits traditional culture that is " take its essential part, go its dross ". The process of cultural inheritance combines closely with cultural development process, culture is to develop on the foundation of inheriting , is inherited in the process of development. Social system, science and technology, ideological sport and education have important influence for culture and development. This lesson will hold following4Problem:
It1Problem: What is
Traditional culture denotes to form and develop in long-term historical development process, reservation has the culture of steady form in each nation. Cultural development has historical inheritance. Such as the cultural generation transmission of folk art and the past dynasties transmission etc. of language writing.
Traditional culture has relative stability. Traditional culture when in generation according to legend reservation basic feature, at the same time, its specific intension can again keep pace with the times since changing from time to time. If the thought " it is expensive and" in the traditional culture of our country, today is still shown in the effort that we found harmonious society , have at the same time gotten socialism new intension. Again advocate "awe-inspiring righteousness" as the traditional culture of our country , emphasize today more that our leading cadre" will speak healthy tendency", at the same time, having given is the new intension of people's service wholeheartedly.
Traditional culture has distinct nationalness. As the outcome of specific national historical development, the role of traditional culture also embodies mainly, is the spiritual tie of the national survival and development of holding together on spiritual strength. Why people meeting "It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most", because of traditional holiday have evoked infinity kiss feelings. Why Chinese of overseas Chinese far when the alien land of foreign country, it is thick to maintain blood still with whole China kiss feelings with the flesh and blood of water, is because national culture has deeply stood on in heart. Why Taiwan Straits will become the biggest "Nostalgia" of two bank compatriots, because in the blood pulse of our traditional culture, runing throughout gush , is for the strong identification of reunification of the motherland.
It2Problem: It is what
In social development process, along with the development of productivity and the changes of economy and politics, the corresponding content of traditional culture satisfies the growing day by day spiritual demand of people constantly if complying with the changes of social life , can take affect actively from the development of person for society. Otherwise, if it is immutable, traditional culture can also take the negative role of the development that obstructs social progressive, impairment person.
" take its essential part , go its dross " is that we treat the correct attitude of traditional culture. The distinguishing points of dross and essential part has times , also has nationalness. The cultural essential part of the saliva happy road of the ancients is not essential part probably today, have even become dross. Since geting the influence of the factors such as political attitude, national feelings and economic interests, different nation is different from the national judgment for essential part and dross. , essential part and dross often have not distinct limit , but are to interweave intricately together. The same content and possibility of traditional culture have essential part , and have dross. Facing this kind of situation, need to analyse conscientiously specifically , distinguish to treat. It is the foundation of cultural development to take its essential part. Go its dross is the important link of cultural development. In only desert constantly traditional culture negative factor dross, then can make national culture meet the needs of society and the development of times more , become valuable spiritual wealth, not as become the burden of burden social progress.
It3Problem: How to do you
Cultural inheritance not is untouched do not move land take over and enjoy traditional culture, and it is elimination , develop land inheritance, so, make culture get development. Culture develops on the foundation of inheriting , is inherited in the process of development. Inheritance is the necessary prerequisite of development, developing is the inevitable requirement of inheritance, inheritance and development are the two aspects in same process , are dense, two one bodies that cannot divide.
It4Problem: What is the
Teaching material is replaced from social system , the progressive, ideological sport of science and technology upraise some aspects have analysed influence the basic factor of cultural development. Here has emphasized education especially when is for the specific role in choice, transmission and innovation culture.
5th lesson" cultural innovation", pass through " role and the source of cultural innovation" , " the channel of cultural innovation" two frame problems have analysed direction, meaning, channel and the power of cultural innovation. Social practice is the source of cultural innovation , is the power of cultural innovation, and the role of cultural innovation shows to promote social practice development constantly , and shows to promote the prosperity of national culture constantly. Cultural innovation is the requirement of social practice , is the essence of cultural development. The basic channel of cultural innovation is inheritance tradition , push to display happen is new , face world, it is rich to pick many length. At the same time, culture develops to insist correct direction, oppose " cultural conservative doctrine" and" cultural nihilism". This lesson will pay attention following3Problem.
It1Problem: How to understand
Practice is mankind to reform the campaign of objective world , is a kind of have purpose , consciously sociality campaign. Mankind creates own peculiar culture in reforming the practice of nature and society. Have left social practice, culture will become water without a source , has no the wood of book, people are impossible to be engaged in any valuable cultural creation. Social practice is the source of cultural creation. On the one hand, social practice arises new condition constantly, put forward new problem , need culture to carry out innovation constantly, with adaptation new condition, reply new problem; On the other hand, the development of social practice has offered more rich resource for cultural innovation, have prepared more sufficient condition. So, the development of social practice is the power of cultural innovation. In a word, old cultural form and the birth of new cultural form die out , the development of advanced culture, is realized in social practice.
Innovation is the soul of a national progress , is a national prosperous inexhaustible power. The role of cultural innovation shows the development that practiced to promote society constantly , and shows to promote the prosperity of national culture constantly. The foundation in social practice goes up , cultural innovation is " one takes its essential part , go its dross " the process of transformation traditional culture, again is " one pushes old new, leather reason vessel new " creation new culture and development the process of advanced culture.
It2Problem: What is the
" push old new, leather reason vessel new " is the process that cultural innovation necessity will go through. On the one hand, we can not leave the traditional cultural innovation of empty talk. The culture of any times is cannot depart from for the inheritance of traditional culture; The culture of any form is impossible to abandon tradition and begin from the beginning. For a nation and country, if ignore its national cultural innovation and the criticism inheritance of traditional culture, will lose foundation. On the other hand, embodiment spirit of the times is the important pursuit of cultural innovation. The development of social practice has brought the change of economic, political, cultural every life field, ask culture to embody new spirit of the times. Cultural innovation, expression is pouring into the effort of spirit of the times for traditional culture.
Cultural innovation is the process that a different national culture exchanges and fuses mutually , and is a process of developing national culture and refering to and drawing human all excellent cultural accomplishments. The cultural innovation on any genuine meaning will go through such channel. Cultural reference is each national excellent cultural accomplishment of study and absorption, in order to develop the process of this national culture; Cultural exchange is that different nation refers to mutually between culture, so as take length to mend short process; Culture mixes together , is on the foundation of cultural reference and cultural exchange, put out to melt meeting the new culture of various cultural special quality. Thus it can be seen, cultural many shapes are the basic feature of world , are also the important foundation of cultural innovation.
Between different culture, discrepancy has contradiction unavoidably , has competition, but cultural difference should not become the obstacle of cultural exchange, cultural competition does not exclude cultural cooperation. Only refer to mutually , is equal to exchange between different national culture, then can share the accomplishment of world cultural innovation. When studying and refering to other national excellent cultural accomplishments, want to use mainly with me, for me. Because cultural vitality and competitiveness depend on cultural national characteristic greatly. We will ascend the forward position of world cultural development , create for the culture that must deeply stand on in own national cultural soil and realizes Chinese nation constantly.
It3Problem: Cultural innovation
For cultural innovation, must hold the contemporary cultural relation of traditional culture, this national culture and foreign culture. Those trend of refusing to accept new cultural and any foreign culture and defending tenaciously the traditional culture of this nation blindly is called as " conservative doctrine" and " enclose doctrine "; Those trend of negating traditional culture at all and highlying praise foreign culture blindly is called as " national nihilism" and" historical nihilism". This is disadvantage the wrong trend of cultural innovation, must overcome.
3th unit: " culture and national spirit
This meaning of unit narration promotion Chinese culture and cultivation national spirit. Include Chinese culture to be of long standing , is broad and profound, its strength deeply founding in cohesiveness, creativity and the vitality of Chinese nation. It is the spiritual tie of the Chinese children of holding together with the great national spirit with patriotism of core , is the spiritual support of the development and survival of Chinese nation. Now, stand in the practice of construction socialism with Chinese characteristics , promote and foster this kind of national spirit energetically, it has the contents such as the realistic meaning that is important.
This unit
6th lesson" our Chinese culture" pass through " the Chinese culture that is of long standing " and" broad and profound Chinese culture" two frame problems, have analysed the achievement of Chinese culture that develops course and gets and the magical glamour that displays. This lesson will hold following4Problem.
It1Problem: Why do you say that
Ancient Chinese culture when world east has passed own distinctive splendid course. Go up trace back Yin Zhou for period, the fate ideological thought of religious authority " respect virtue to protect people ", for early stage China culture has produced deep influence. The war of spring and autumn country, Zhu Zi Feng , let a hundred schools contend , have formed the embryonic form of Chinese cultural thought gradually. Qin unification, the development of Chinese culture that has promoted to unify has epochal meaning on Chinese cultural history. Han is acting, Confucianism theory is established to your position. Sui Tang period, ancient Chinese cultural high development absorbs outside region culture extensively with rich big mind, cultural open atmosphere is strong, have entered personality extensive Hong flourishing times. Song Yuan is clear, have continued Sui Tang cultural splendor, Chinese culture has huge achievement in the aspect of science of history, literature and art and science and technology , has at the same time also produced Song Ming who influences the feudal social development of later stage to manage to study. In clear clear period, as the western ideological cultural biography of modern times is entered , Chinese traditional ideological culture begins to be faced with the impact of western industrial civilization.
See the birthplace of human civilization as a whole , those have accompanied with Chinese culture the ancient civilization of trip, it is some to have declined , it is some to have died out , it is some to have blended in other civilizations. Chinese culture though goes experienced the vicissitudes of life , continue so far, never suspend. A national culture is deep to influence mental world, personality and the psychology of nation. The culture of a nation the more durable do not decline , is rich and colorful, the more it is sexual to have openness and keep forging ahead , its vitality, creativity and cohesiveness are the cultures that has so special quality for the more powerful, Chinese culture. Cultural strength, deeply founding in cohesiveness, creativity and the vitality of Chinese nation.
It2Problem: How to do you understand
Our country is with vast expanse, the natural condition of every place 1000 bad 10 thousands are other, economic society develops degree, is different. By the influence of the factors such as history and geography, the culture of various places has obvious regional feature. Different regional culture is exchanged for a long time mutually , is refered to mutually , absorbs mutually , tends to gradually to join one , and maintains own characteristic.
Chinese nation is multinational community, Chinese culture presents the rich color of various national culture. In the 100 gardens of Chinese culture, have the national culture of characteristic each to blend mutually , promote mutually , have created Chinese culture together. People of all nations has shown cohesiveness and the cultural inside information of the mass of Chinese nation for the identification sense and ownership sense of Chinese culture that possessed together.
Chinese culture is of long standing , " broad and profound " still lie in the tolerantance with its peculiar place , seek common ground while reserving differences and receive simultaneously and save. Claim " seek common ground while reserving differences " , is to be able to get along with the cultural harmony of other nations; " claim receive and save simultaneously " is to be able to absorb and refer to the positive composition in other national cultures in cultural association. This kind of cultural tolerantance is exchanged in the relation that is helpful for each national culture in harmony , strengthens the understanding for external region culture and the identification of self culture.
It3Problem: How to do you
Chinese culture is the culture on world that not suspended only , but in its development also not is smooth sailing in all endeavour, since modern age Chinese culture has gone through to decline gradually tiny process. The biography of Marxism enters is Chinese culture from decline flourishing climacteric, is just to realize the great rejuvenation of Chinese nation under the lead of the Communist Party of China, then can create the new splendor of Chinese culture. The process in construction socialism with Chinese characteristics in, Chinese culture is extending to write more majestic writings.
It4Problem: How to do you understand
Chinese culture" is of long standing ", Chinese character and the ancient books and records of science of history are the best witnesses. Writing is culture basic carrier, record rich accomplishment and the historical locus of cultural development. Chinese character is writing Chinese culture, biography Cheng Chinese culture, have played huge role , know today for people of all nations to use , is the important identification of Chinese culture. The ancient books and records of history records, also is Chinese cultural a pulse according to legend important witness. Chinese nation seriously pays attention to historical experience since ancient , pays attention to preserve historical information. In the history of our country, weave the history records written , its big scale, store to reserve is plentiful, have only for world.
Chinese culture" is broad and profound" , shows in a lot of aspects. It is yearned for that for instance, the literature and art in Chinese culture has displayed the spirit of Chinese nation with its splendid and long historical, rich and gorgeous intension and distinct and unique style possess important location with beautiful pursuit, in the world treasure-house of literature and art. Again if, when ancient times, the achievement of science and technology of Chinese every field is in the front row of world for a long time, for the development of entire human civilization, have made huge contribution. Chinese nation is knowing and reforming all accomplishments of science and technology that creation makes in natural process , is Chinese people diligence and wisdom and work hard spiritual crystallization, it is the lively embodiment of the creativity and vitality of Chinese nation.
7th lesson" our national spirit" inscribe through the two frames of " the eternal spirit of Chinese nation " and " the promotion spirit of Chinese nation ", when understanding is of long standing , broad and profound Chinese culture, realize the foundation of its powerful vitality, cohesiveness and creativity , guide student to know the marrow of Chinese culture further and soul the spirit of Chinese nation, realize the huge strength of the spirit of Chinese nation , know the Communist Party of China under new times condition for development and the inheritance of national spirit , experience the important role that national spirit develops in the development and survival of Chinese nation , feel invigorated to realize the great rejuvenation of Chinese nation and the spirit of effort struggle is the inevitable requirement of socialist cultural construction. This lesson will hold following3Problem.
It1Problem: How to do you
When in the development of more than 5000 years course, Chinese nation has formed , unify and like peace and diligent braveness with the solidarity with patriotism of core , strive to become stronger great national spirit. Patriotism runs through as the core of the spirit of Chinese nation in every aspect of national spirit. Corporately unified, hobby peace and diligence are brave , are spiritual as striving to become stronger , supplement each other , embody this patriotism theme invariably. Regardless of what period, patriotism always mobilize and inspire one side of people's concerted struggle banner. Theme of patriotism is not abstract , but is specific. As Chinese people's thousand dying form is for the most deep feelings of motherland , in different historical period, patriotism has common requirement , also has different specific intension. In contemporary China, patriotic and love socialism is consistent in principle. Construction socialism with Chinese characteristics and support reunification of the motherland are themes of patriotism of new period.
It2Problem: How to do you understand
The spirit of Chinese nation is the marrow of Chinese culture , is the soul of Chinese nation. National spirit is the concentration of the excellent culture of Chinese nation embodiment and sublimation, it is the spiritual tie of the Chinese common life of holding together of people of all nations , is the spiritual prop of the support survival development of Chinese nation , promotes Chinese nation to move towards prosperous powerful spiritual power. National spirit is not immutable, it is also to keep pace with the times , develops constantly the outcome of, unceasing innovation.
In last 100 years, Chinese nation is spiritual and rich and develops , major embodiment embodies in the course of the leading struggle of the Communist Party of China of all the Chinese people, is in every period of revolution, construction and reform.
In new-democratic revolutionary period, the revolutionary spirit of the person of the Communist Party of China has become the main part of the modern spirit of Chinese nation , have deep nationalness, distinct times and advancedness. For instance, the The Long March and spirit of Jinggang Mountains are spiritual , prolong to install spiritual, red rock spiritual, west cypress slope spirit, it is the outstanding expression of the spirit of Chinese nation of this period.
After new China sets up , in socialist revolution and construction, especially in new period of reforming and opening up, the Communist Party of China develops the spirit of Chinese nation continuously , adds new times content constantly for the spirit of Chinese nation, have gone to the spiritual promotion of Chinese nation a new level. The "atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb and manmade satellite" and spirit of Lei Feng are spiritual , " Daqing business founding" the spiritual spirit " 98 fights a flood " and the spirit of " manned spaceflight ", it is the outstanding expression of national spirit of this period.
It3Problem: How to do
Today, our country has entered overall construction well-off standard society , quickly drive forward socialist modern new development stage. Face world scope various ideological cultures agitate mutually, to make all people maintain high-spirited state of mind throughout , must hold the torch of national spirit higherly, regard promoting and fostering the spirit of Chinese nation as very important task.
To promote and foster national spirit, must inherit and develop the fine tradition of Chinese nation. Will treasure and cherish the excellent cultural tradition that forms in the history of Chinese nation , and will inherit and develop the fine tradition that our party forms in long-term revolutionary struggle and construction practice. To promote and foster national spirit, must treat the influence of foreign ideological culture correctly. Will notice to refer to the advanced civilized accomplishment of world countries people's creation , draw the strong point of world each nation , and want alert western hostile force to be for the plot that our country westernizes and breaks up. To promote and foster national spirit, it must be with promotion spirit of the times. To develop to emancipating the mind , it is practical , keeps pace with the times , has the courage to create , advances despite difficulties , work hard as soon as going before having no , affir is realistic effect, indifferent fame and gain are unselfish to dedicate spirit of the times, ample display China people realization great national rejuvenation brand-new outlook and high-spirited fighting will. It is taking patriotism as key national spirit and is taking reform innovation as key spirit of the times, supplement each other , sustain mutually , unify in the great practice of current construction socialism with Chinese characteristics.
4th unit: " develop advanced culture " is
The cultural life of this unit for contemporary China has carried out objective description , has revealed the basic goal and specific channel that develops necessariness and the importance of advanced cultural and reinforced socialist ideological and ethical progress energetically and has analysed advanced cultural construction and cultural and ideological progress. What this unit want solution is the problem of " what to be done " , how to strengthen the cultural construction and cultural and ideological progress of socialism with Chinese characteristics energetically , make contemporary cultural construction hold the ongoing direction of advanced culture firmly.
This unit
8th lesson " go into culture life " use " the cultural life with gorgeous color" and " in in cultural life choice " two frame problem analysises why will strengthen advanced cultural construction. The purpose of this lesson lies in the visual understanding of leting student pass for the current cultural life present situation of our country, cognition is rich and colorful as present culture lives , know the present complexity of cultural life, have positive health upward cultural form and culture content, after also having whereabouts, cultural and rotten culture lets student see clearly to select the meaning of cultural life , the health that institute selects voluntarily actively upward culture life, refusal and resistance are backward and rotten cultural life. This lesson will be held4Problem.
It1Problem: How to understand cultural market
The development of modern science and technology has offered shortcut propagation tool and the cultural carrier of powerful production equipment and many shapes, when make cultural product a large quantity of , industrialization, scale production and circulation become possibility at the same time, have again inserted to popular medium the wing that flies. This makes cultural market present never have the gorgeous color of error, have also brought the new characteristic of multiple choice to the cultural life of the masses.
The development of cultural market and popular medium has brought a lot of gratifying changes to our cultural life. But the blindness of market and the commercial nature of medium are also causing the phenomenon that makes one worried. Therefore cultural market is the more active, cultural product is the more rich, cultural life flourishes the more , need to be managed the more vigorously , guides correctly.
It2Problem: How to do
Backward cultural and rotten culture can also seek various opportunities to stretch , pollutive cultural environment endangers society. The various cultures with superstition and ignorant, dispirited, vulgar etc. color are backward culture , need to be reformed and rejected constantly, through scientific cultural education. Bourgeois culture and evil cult " Fa merit " , feudal cultural, colonial culture and obscene pornography culture, to belong to rotten culture, must resist firmly , ban in accordance with law.
When our country still has the reason of backward cultural and rotten culture is: First, socialist market economy still causes the diversification of different social group value orientation and cultural choice while bringing cultural vigour; The weakness of market economic self, can also reflect the cultural life of people , bring out the bad thoughts such as mammonism, hedonism and extreme individualism, it is picture that breeding do good to only , right money trade , harm person advantage Ji , the phenomenons such as cheat blackmail. Secondly, our country has been in feudal society for a long time, it is deep-rooted that feudal ideological remnant decides type with old thought, feudal culture has not been complete to quit historical stage. Finally, the development of message network technology and economic globalization has offered more wide space for cultural propagation, have also aggravated western capitalist rotten culture is for the impact of the ideological cultural field of our country.
It3Problem: How to
Academic circle for the masses culture has different understanding. Some scholar thinks that popular culture is to produce in industrial society, with metropolis popular as its consumer object, pass through popular medium propagation have no depth , pattern melts , easy duplication , according to the cultural product of the batch of market rule. Some scholar thinks that popular culture is also commercial consumer culture , is used in heavy consumption , for commercial purpose wanting to cater to popular taste the consumer goods of and a large quantity of production, is " businessman emploies technician creation ". Some scholar thinks that popular cultural major finger passes through the popular culture with amusement as major feature of modern industrial means plenty of duplications or " popular culture " also point to meet popular cultural life demand , is that social the masses accept and become the culture of the major and basic content in social popular cultural life generally. Also some scholar thinks that popular culture is a specific category, it denotes to spring up in contemporary metropolis mainly, is related closely with contemporary big industry, being taking the modern medium of globalization( especially electronic medium) as medium the contemporary cultural form of a large quantity of production is in consumer times or definitely consumer times , plans and guides the masses by consumer ideology, adopt fashion to melt to run the contemporary cultural consumer form of way. It is the outcome after modern industry and market economic ample development.
The popular culture in this teaching material denotes to face masses of people, reflect voice and the interests of people , like for people's the masses to smell the happy socialist culture seen. The history of our country is long, region is vast, population are numerous, different national, different occupation, the age of the same year, the people of different educational degree and different experience and its cultural demand present the characteristic of multiple level and variation increasingly. To satisfy the growing day by day demand of spiritual and cultural activity of people, should offer the cultural product of various kind of, many styles, if be classical and popular, it is traditional and fashion, it is graceful and common , is serious and amusement, etc.. However, cultural activity or the cultural product regardless of what type and style, people's popular genuine needs, it is advanced , the culture that health is helpful for. Developing for people the masses love culture, must follow promotion theme , advocate diversified principle; Insist to be people's service , is the direction of socialist service and let a hundred flowers blossom , let a hundred schools contend policy; Keep close to reality with great efforts , keep close to life , keep close to masses , create content, innovation form and innovation means; Advocate energetically all thoughts that are helpful to develop patriotism, collectivism and socialism and spirits, everything is helpful for the thought of reforming and opening up and modernization construction to be helpful for the thought of national unity and social progressive, people's happiness to strive for spirit and the thought of beautiful life with spirit and everything with honest labor with spirit and everything.
It4Problem: Are you how to
Social cultural phenomenon is diverse and complex , we will build socialist culture , will insist to guide person with scientific theoretical armed person with correct public opinion throughout , mould person with noble spirit , inspire person with excellent works, no matter ideological content shows form still, develop powerful guidance and exemplary role. Socialist culture relies on socialist political and economic strength with advancedness and the scientificness of its self , occupies leading position throughout in the cultural life of people's the masses. We will develop advanced culture energetically , support healthy beneficial culture , reform backward culture with great efforts , resist rotten culture firmly.
9th lesson" the construction culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics" inscribe through the two frames of " the ongoing direction of insisting advanced culture " and " construction socialist spiritual civilization ", make student know the major content of the present socialist cultural construction of our country , build the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics , is to develop socialist advanced culture , is also construction socialist spiritual civilization. This festival will hold following3Problem:
It1Problem: How to do
" advanced culture" is and fall behind culture and rotten culture relative. This kind of distinguishing points is reached according to our value judgment made for cultural realistic function, it depends on culture, is positive and still negative for the role of social life and the mental world of people. If say that the culture with superstition and ignorant, dispirited, vulgar etc. color is backward culture, it is rational, scientific , brace up , noble culture is advanced culture. If say that the mental world of corrosion people and the culture of harm socialist career are rotten culture , can so help people to set up correct world outlook, philosophy of life and values , it can be advanced culture for the culture that the economic development and social progress of our country offer spiritual power and intelligent support.
In contemporary China, develop advanced culture , is to modernize and face the socialist culture of the masses of world and the, national science that faces the future with Marxism for guiding , having ideal with cultivation, having morals, having culture, having the citizen of discipline who is goal and developing to face.
It2Problem: Why will you
The ongoing direction of insisting advanced culture is basic guarantee and the basic requirement of the construction culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The socialist nature of our country and the scientificness of Marxism, it must be guidance with Marxism to have decided to develop advanced culture. Key and the ongoing direction of holding advanced culture firmly lie in the guidance position that insists Marxism to mind to know form field. Mind to know form field , various cultural coexistence is objective existent fact. Any social, any country, will not adopt for the coexistence of multivariate culture let pass unchecked attitude. In the world various environments that civilized and social system long-term coexistence and various ideological culture agitate mutually, only the guidance position that insists Marxism to mind to know form field does not be shaken , then can guarantee that advanced cultural health is developed.
The guidance position of insisting Marxism is insisted together for people's service , is the direction of socialist service and let a hundred flowers blossom , let a hundred schools contend policy is organic and unified. Socialist culture is built , will promote theme , and will advocate variation.
The Communist Party of China represents the ongoing direction of Chinese advanced culture throughout , is because have Marxism to make guideline. Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and "Three Represents" important thought are Chinese Marxisms. The guidance position of insisting Marxism is the guidance position of insisting Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of " Three Represents " , uses the practice of Chinese revolution, construction and reform of the Chinese Marxism guidance unceasing development of unceasing development. So, Marxism is the leadership banner of Chinese advanced cultural ongoing direction that never fades. In new century new stage, insist and strengthen the ongoing direction of holding advanced culture firmly and guiding position of Marxism , is most basic , is to lead socialist cultural construction with the important thought of " Three Represents ".
It3Problem: How to do you
Spiritual civilization denotes the sum of spiritual accomplishment that mankind gets for reforming subjective world, major expression is two aspects: The situation of first, cultural aspect, the culture that includes society, knowledge and wisdom is scientific, educational, literature, artistic, sanitary the development degree of, sport etc. career as well as with this corresponding material facility, the development scale of organization and level; It is second, morals aspect, include the political ideological, morals appearance of society, social prevailing custom and the world outlook of people , is ideal , moral, consciousness, faith as well as the situation of organization and discipline. The two aspect interactions of spiritual civilization, permeate mutually. In contemporary China, develop advanced culture , is construction socialist spiritual civilization. Train the citizen " 4 has " , is the basic task of construction socialist spiritual civilization , also develop the basic goal of advanced culture. Develop education, science and cultural undertakings energetically , is the important aspect of socialist ideological and ethical progress. Develop advanced culture , is the practice campaign of construction socialist spiritual civilization in principle , is one stands in current reality unceasing carry out the process of creation.
10th lesson" the central link of cultural construction" inscribe with the two frames of " morals discipline and knowledge cultural discipline " through" reinforced ideological and moral education", have expounded and proved and expounded and proved ideological and moral education in correlation and the content of cultural construction, analysis ideological and moral education and the position in socialist cultural construction , promote student reinforced self cultural discipline and morals discipline , set up communism long-range ideal step by step. This lesson will hold following5Problem.
It1Problem: How to do you understand
Ideological and moral education is the important aspect of socialist ideological and ethical progress , is also the central link of socialist cultural construction. Ideological and moral education stipulates direction and the nature of cultural construction , is the soul of cultural construction. In the system engineering of the cultural construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics, must grasp this central link of ideological and moral education tightly. Establishment suits with socialist market economy , is coordinated with socialist legal standard , the socialist morals system that accepts the task of with the traditional virtue of Chinese nation, it is the goal of ideological and moral education , is also the basicness project of socialist ideological and ethical progress.
It2Problem: How to do you understand
People when the aspect self educations such as cultural knowledge, notion and artistic appreciation the process of, self raising, it is knowledge cultural discipline. People recuperate through waiting for way from province self-discipline and self review, raising morals judgment level and the morals knowledge of self constantly, moulding morals feelings, raising good behavior habit, forming correct world outlook, philosophy of life and values, seting up the process of lofty ideal and being morals.
Good knowledge cultural discipline can promote morals discipline. Lack knowledge cultural discipline is to not not divide easily, good and evil are not discriminated , even go to the evil road of illegal crime. Strengthen morals discipline , can promote knowledge cultural discipline. Do not emphasize morals discipline, even if have grasped rich cultural knowledge, can also cause personality go up is short of to lose , even endanger society.
It3Problem: What is the major
The major content of socialist ideological and moral education is: Carry out the education of basic experience, basic route, basic guiding principle and basic theory of party further , guide people to set up the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics , set up correct world outlook, philosophy of life and values; Promote patriotism spirit , insist to think that people's service is principle for core, with collectivism , keep promise with honesty to work and like scientific, love socialism mainly, with love motherland, spouse people and love to ask basically, with social ethics, professional ethics and family virtue is put forth effort; Advocate citizen basic morals standard , guide people on the foundation of complying with basic code of conduct , pursue higher morals goal.
It4Problem: What is the basic
Construction socialist morals system will be insisted , suit with socialist market economy , normalize appearance coordination and the traditional virtue of Chinese nation with socialist law appearance accept the task of , develop the policy with consistent tendency appearance with human civilization, reflect the new accomplishment of creation human civilization and the future, national, scientific and popular socialist morals system of world.
It5Problem: How to handle daily
" patriotic law-abiding, polite credibility and friendly, diligent, respectful and professional dedication" is the citizen morals basic standard of our country , is the behavior standard that our everybody must comply with in daily life. We still pursue higher morals goal on the foundation of complying with citizen morals standard , this is a long-term process of reforming subjective world constantly. Only form correct world outlook, philosophy of life and values, draw a clear line really the limit of materialism and idealism, socialist thought and the limits of feudalism and capitalist decadent ideology then can strengthen the ability of distinguishing and resisting various wrong ideological trends conscientiously scientifically with the limit of ignorance, civilization and the limit of superstition. Therefore, must study scientific theory of Marxism with great efforts , build the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics firmly , set up communism long-range ideal step by step.
The morals goal of higher pursuit will be down-to-earth , not yet empty talk and weight are taking action , since I do , from now do , from the minor matter of a bit do. We build socialism with Chinese characteristics , struggle to realize common ideal , have not left this communism long-range goal throughout. Long journey, needs one step of one step land go , the realization of lofty ideal needs the generation struggle of another acting person.
The content except 10 above lessons, teaching material has still designed comprehensive probe campaign after each unit, 4 lessons, difference is " focusing cultural competitiveness" , " establish 'learning society' ", " undertake the cultural mission of 'Qiang Ji Gu Ben' " and " realize the advanced culture of contemporary China ". Comprehensive probe lesson is to unite closely with the content of this unit, it is the summary of content studied for this unit and deepen , it is teaching material does not allow the content of overlook and aircrew becomes partial. Synthesizing the design of probe Yi when guide student comprehensive utilization the knowledge that had been grasped , analysis solves the complex cultural life problem in reality , raises the ability of selecting and analysing, judging and differentiating of student.
Summarize the relation between 4 above units: First unit" culture and society" the solution wanted is the problem of " culture is what ". It from static angle, regard culture as a kind of social phenomenon , carry out objective description , reveal cultural meaning, culture and the relation between economy, politics and society, culture is for the influence of person. Purpose is the understanding that makes student have a whole for culture , is that entire teaching material spreads out the prerequisite of exposition.
Second unit " cultural biography Cheng with innovation ", analyse further for the innovation of cultural many shapes, cultural inheritances as well as cultures , reveal cultural phenomenon in the propagation in space-time and biography Cheng, explore the specific channel of innovation and the meaning of cultural innovation. Purpose lies in why solve the problem of " ", the culture that we now face , how pass through lateral propagation and this vertical inheritance current appearance of developing.
3th unit" Chinese culture and national spirit", the culture that goes to Chinese nation further specifically is traditional and national spirit, revelation the culture of Chinese nation is of long standing and is broad and profound, reveal the contemporary meaning of national spirit and it under new times background carry forward. What want solution is the problem of " how to see " , how to treat national spirit and the traditional culture of Chinese nation.
4th unit" develops advanced culture", for the cultural life of contemporary China complex present situation has carried out objective description, have revealed the basic goal and specific channel that develops necessariness and the importance of advanced cultural and reinforced socialist ideological and ethical progress energetically and has analysed advanced cultural construction and cultural and ideological progress. What this unit want solution is the problem of " what to be done " , how to strengthen the cultural construction and cultural and ideological progress of socialism with Chinese characteristics energetically , make contemporary cultural construction hold the ongoing direction of advanced culture firmly. This is the starting point of socialist cultural construction , is also that it stays.
6 , " cultural life"
Teaching material will rely on the teaching with effective teacher to reach course goal. In teaching, teacher will hold the characteristic of lesson of " cultural life " conscientiously, the teaching method of positive exploration
1." cultural life"
In actual teaching process,
It is first , holds ideological content. The courses such as task and historical "Chinese" that " cultural life " undertake have obvious difference. The course of " cultural life " is not a cultural knowledge course , but is a ideological political educational course. So in teaching, will hold the nature of course correctly , hold the ideological content of course firmly , revolve around the raising of student ideological consciousness tightly and morals quality raise , spread out knowledge pass on and ability training. The course of " cultural life " should not put the focal point of teaching in cultural knowledge simplely and historical knowledge teach , to help , student identification correct value standard and assurance correct political direction form good morals quality, for self develop throughout life to establish ideological political quality foundation.
It is second , pays attention to reality. The teaching material of " cultural life " is not simple theoretical explanation , but is to emphasize the training of student actual ability from the reality of cultural life and values form. Knowledge build Gou , the design of inner logic and campaign has very strong reality. Teacher can not count knowledge in teaching pass on to receive is Gui Nie, and should put focal point on the realistic solicitude of training student , so arouse the initiative of student study. To make student put forward own view from realistic life and dare to let student put forward problem, query has had conclusion, in criticism, train them to observe ability and the enthusiasm of realistic, experience social, analysis society. Guide them to demonstrate viewpoint in realistic case , distinguish viewpoint in actual value conflict, in the comparison of cultural phenomenon is distinguished , confirms viewpoint , refines viewpoint in the probe of cultural life , and then raises understanding and identification efficiently , believe that worth the ability of standard correctly.
3th advocates mainness. Mainness is the soul of this volume teaching. The ample participation that has only the main part of student then can realize quality-oriented education and innovation education really to accomplish " with student is main part, with teacher is dominant " , puts the center of classroom on student the body really , lets them become learning host, student will change awkwardness to accept for take the initiative probe , make student when in probe study cognition the delight of autonomous learning happiness and success.
It is 4th , emphasizes campaign. We have designed plenty of campaigns in teaching material , may make student participate , is in the analysis campaign of cultural phenomenon. This volume special notice of teaching material the training of student realistic viability, sheet relies on knowledge unidirectional pass on can not reach purpose. In teaching material as some problems have not offered ready-made answer, some possibility is still open conclusion. Is natural, the campaign that we say , and certain move about lesson, in fact, the course of middle school is also impossible to offer plenty of time to carry out extracurricular campaign in enforcement. We on the one hand may cultural life scene is going to be simulated on classroom and reduction, let student pass through role play the role of and experience observation society. On the other hand, we advocate the daily experience of combination student, in blend in some learning contents daily life goes. Can not let the learning practice of daily life of knowledge appearance slip away.
2." cultural life"
Realize the teaching goal
It is first , studies conscientiously that culture is theoretical , explores the teaching strategy of course of " cultural life ". " cultural life" is a new lesson, have no ready-made experience for the teaching of this lesson may follow. Since this course has comprehensive characteristic, the content of teaching material has also covered a lot of subjects , also also lacks corresponding special field since normal school is educational , has no person to get the training with special error and the knowledge reserve of existing teacher and whole quality is faced with brand-new challenge. This asks teacher voluntarily for lesson mark enter thorough with teaching material to read , hold its spiritual essence to have thorough understanding for course content, as basic principle and basic law have , are accurate to hold. For the basic concepts such as cultural and civilized, generalized cultural and narrow sense culture, advanced cultural and backward culture, new cultural and old culture, elite cultural and popular culture, cultural many shapes and cultural multivariateness, will carry out thorough discrimination, it is accurate to hold its culvert justice. To know the discussion of academic circle for cultural problem with initiative , know newest academic message, open own academic field of vision enriches own cultural knowledge. Teacher prepare lessons focus should put when for the assiduousness of cultural theory dig into , raise own humanity accomplishment. To notice to refer to the teaching experience of the humanity subjectses such as Chinese, history and geography, emphasize the knowledge move between classmate department, ability move and the unique teaching strategy that worths move and explores " cultural life".
It is second, teaching will return to the life of student world, emphasis subject knowledge pass on and live theme. The quick development of contemporary society, the various cultural phenomenon solely strange land ideological knowledges that are away from and make us original and valueses are a challenges , a lot of life experiences that we have been acquainted get the query of new-born work. This kind of condition will inevitably reflect classroom to come up , the society that teacher close combination changes quickly is realistic , is good at to discover and collect the problem that holds in store in cultural phenomenon, from problem Dao enter , and then lead into the content that will be studied. So, may strengthen the interest of student, it is enthusiastic to arouse their participation. In will blend in cultural basic viewpoint and basic principle with great efforts to live theme.
3th insists correct value guidance , adopts flexible teaching method. Will insist correct value guidance, must pay attention in the flexibility in the process of feelings experience to utilize teaching strategy , combine the process " goal - tactful - appraisement" of teacher dominant and the process " moving about experience - expression" of student experience , make great effort when for reality in probe analysis demonstration viewpoint, in value conflict, distinguish viewpoint , confirm viewpoint in distinguishing relatively , refine viewpoint in probe campaign , and then raise student understanding and identification efficiently , believe that worth the ability of standard correctly. We say frequently," religion has no the law of deciding ,". Teacher selects and uses strategy and the teaching method of this suitable course on the foundation of wanting to consider student, teaching content and teaching environment, encourage teacher to open train of thought from the aspect of specific aim, inspiration, initiative and development, unceasing creation makes various suitable teaching method , makes student genuine participation go to teaching campaign. In teaching, will not only carry out visual teaching with teaching hanging chart, slide show, projection and recording , should meet the needs of modern educational development more , develop and make teaching courseware and data bank actively using networking teaching technical and network resource , develop teaching creatively.
4th advocates research learning way , encourages student to create. To be under the prerequisite of definite basic standard , combine learning content , encourage student to think deeply independently , cooperate to probe , offer the enough phenomenon of selecting space and alternating opportunity , making it leave from own specialty and attention and observing culture with initiative , discuss to query already some conclusion for the knowledge of cultural phenomenon , probe the essence of cultural phenomenon , and then hold the law of cultural development for student. Will encourage student rich character land publication own view, foster their not limited prejudice , pursue innovation ability and spiritual, their training innovation spirit of truth.
7 , " cultural life"
Will complete teaching goal, the organization of wanting for course enforcement and teaching effect monitor , make appraisement become the effective means that promote student to develop and raise teaching quality. Here, talk about the opinion of a few only for that student studies appraisement.
First, overall appraisement studentAppraisement will record and describe the development situation of student ideological political quality completely, objectively, emphasize the behavior of investigation student , pay attention to the expression in the aspect of its feelings, attitude and values especially. For knowledge, the appraisement of goal will include theoretical viewpoint and basic principle , and will include application knowledge and its operation. To emphasize assurance and the actual understanding of examining to comment student for knowledge meaning. For the appraisement of ability goal, will accompany corresponding campaign to take place , according to student when moving about , the expression in process carries out the dynamic, comprehensive appraisement, that has stress. The appraisement of feelings attitude and values when" cultural life" the position in lesson is particularly important. Student can not leave the guidance of certain feelings attitude and values for the application of the utilization of knowledge, the training of ability and method. Is for the appraisement of feelings attitude values goal , should investigate emphatically the value choice when student is faced with realistic problem and the ability of judgment, by morals accomplishment and the ideological consciousness of this analysis student, guide the ability with which student independence thinks deeply and puts forward doubt , cultivates review ability and raises its autonomous choice and judgment. Feelings attitude and values can not break away from certain feelings boundary exist independently, feelings attitude values is not abstract, it always contacts with certain process. Therefore should pay attention to investigation student in the ability that worths judgment and choice in realistic contradictory conflict.
It is second , advocates theIn the appraisement of " cultural life ", will advocate the appraisement of multivariate main part, school manager, teacher, head of family and companion may participate in appraisement. At the same time, should regard student self as appraisement main part. Is appraising process , student not is the negative adaptation of a series of appraisement, and it should be active participator. Should pay attention to cultivate the self appraisement consciousness of student , adopt various way to develop their self appraisement ability. Let student institute self appraise , the learning person that guides student to become self-discipline, make student go forward under the common role of self appraisement and the appraisement of other person. Will pay attention to the personalized reaction way of student in appraisement , and advocate to let student learn cooperation in appraisement. Appraise to protect self-confident heart and the self-respect of student , embody respect and care , pay attention to needs and the situation of individual. As the ability of student develops to give definiteness , appraises.
3th advocates the diversificationNeeds and the completion of school work go through necessary process; The situation of ideological political quality should show in certain process. End appraisement should establishment is forming the foundation of sexual appraisement , and form sexual appraisement, then can guarantee that is true, accurate, overall as appraising. Examination, include graduating and entering a higher school examination, as the important appraisement way of the score of high school of school work, should emphasize examination to comment the student true ability of understanding and utilizing knowledge. And for the appraisement of student ideological political expression, will emphasize the process of its development and progress more , adopt more flexible way , observe as talk , description comment and project appraise , student is from comment and comment mutual , personal growth record.
4th advocates open appraisementWhat a lot of thing in actual life is rich many shapes also develop change constantly , should be also development for the appraisement of thing and open. The learning appraisement of this volume teaching material is also so also. We advocate investigate within certain feelings boundary feelings attitude values, ability and the knowledge of student, in actual life appraises viability and the world outlook of student. If appraise the participation of student from class campaign, social attitude is from the values of knowing student in analysis for social major incident , investigate from the actual participation condition in life student culture idea whether is reasonable. Life is rich and colorful, it is dead that evaluation criterion is also impossible , only student speech manage , can not Wang draw a conclusion to negate student , to encourage different viewpoint and different conclusion.
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