The two Conferences
Two Conferences convenes on schedule in applause, though one of my nobody has no qualification step into meeting place, listening big shots participate in the management of State affairs generously old diction, but I have the comment two Conferences of refined taste as before. This is a homework that I must complete.
" two Conferences" point at " person acting meeting " and " the meeting of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference ". Is no problem, " person acting meeting " predecessor is " the meeting of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference". " the meeting of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference" is " the meeting of political consultation" abbreviation. In that year, meeting is convened for Chongqing, time is< xml:namespace prefix=st1 ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/>< chsdate w:st=on isrocdate=False islunardate=False day=10 month=1 year=1946>January 10,1946< chsdate/>It is to 31 days. Attend the meeting to represent for Kuomintang , the Communist Party, other party groupings and nonparty personage, meeting passes through 5 proposals( see " the 4 <>s of Mao Zedong of selected works" to" smash the attack of Jiang Jie Shi with self-defense war" article back explanatory note. ) this 5 discuss is though rough criterion, but eventually or having no , have realized. Why?
Among look back upon wind cloud occasion meeting, country step enters modern times history, biggest changes is two revolutions: National citizen makes revolution ( lead by Kuomintang) and people democracy revolution( lead by the Communist Party). The revolutionary object of the former is monarchy degree( the system of imperial power of clear dynasty); The revolutionary object of the latter is to aim at Kuomintang special right system( party main regime system). Two revolutions are interlocking, for it revolutionary goal and motive have only one: Aim at establishing democratic( national democratic and people's democracy) system. The former when overthrow after monarchy degree has made revolution to create. The latter has also made revolution after driving the former in continent dominance to create. " claim revolution create " is the party of leading revolution( group) pose as with ruling party, carry out revolutionary type dominance system. It is historical to prove: The revolution with " privilege " is created , its result has only one, that is: Party main regime.
In the West, party main regime is not the embodiment of democratic regime, party main regime may Shi untie is a temporary traffic sign in historical long river. As this, the result of party main regime is easy to develop to become leader political dominance result. One gathers party right, regime and military right in the leader of one body, his personal personality glamour is his political personality glamour pronoun.
Monarch does not see , the applause of two Conferences again sounds. Laughter and joy takes off , I want to talk than the people's livelihood more important subject: Party people shift. Think , when revolution wins decision victory in whole country, national power system aspect, since needing , rebuilds thoroughly: According to the running of democratic process, establish new political system. Political system is not new , revolution meaning where? Isn't that is to explain that a replacement another political party of political party rules , scenery turns in turn.
The Yangtze River rear wave pushes former wave. New system establishment natural needs pour into new theory. To melt openly, fear is privately owned. According to revolutionary partisans( Kuomintang and the Communist Party) logic: Revolution once success, revolutionary party is completely deserving of party in power. Chairman ruling party is perfectly justifiable to become national highest dominance spokesman. So when highest power organization matches and pays attention to , it is judicial to begin to stand , build administration , develop taxes system. After succeeding , revolution is various and happy ( interests) for dominance organization palm controls , even evolving for some persons privately owned thing. A lead has talked big in front of media land say: " we today can take this one son, that is changed with countless head by predecessors, if who disobeies , is covet, please take head to change. "(Oh my god)
Xi the nucleus of democracy, people is power main part , is personally authorized by it. After making revolution successfully, revolutionary party wants to assume power to become ruling party , must vote first via national authorization. : It is machine made to establish one first to represent the authorization of public opinion fully, after voting agreement, revolutionary party then can be completed to transform the process of party in power into. At the same time, it is machine made from authorization to extend to establish a supervisory organ, do not get interference land the power of supervisor power office. As this, it is great that ruling party can just embody really, corruption can be also biggest and possible to eliminate.
Party people shift is
< chsdate w:st=on isrocdate=False islunardate=False day=26 month=1 year=2008>2008-1-26< chsdate/>Morning
s of Mao Zedong of selected works" " with self defend war smashes the attack of Jiang Jie Shi " the explanatory note of a writing back:' >Following is" the 4 <>s of Mao Zedong
"the Chinese People's Political< chsdate w:st=on isrocdate=False islunardate=False day=10 month=1 year=1946>January 10,1946< chsdate/>To the political consultation of
( one) the agreement about the problem that government organizes. This agreement determines " modify national government organization France, with substantiate national government committee ". Increase the quota of national government committee member; " national government committee member from national government chairman for Chinese Kuomintang internal and external personage chooses to take the charge of "," national government chairman please choose to take the charge of each personage of party grouping , is country residence committee member, from each party grouping nominate independently, but when chairman disagrees on , mentions candidate additionally by each this party grouping"; " national government chairman please choose to take the charge of nonparty personage , is country residence committee member, as the candidate mentioned promising have been chosen the 1/3 opposition persons of person each, chairman must reconsider , choosing separately take the charge of ". " the country residence half quota of committee member by Kuomintang people act as , other half is acted as by other each party groupings and social prominent persons ". National government committee is stipulated as abstractly" the highest country affir office of government", its power is discussion legislate with decision principle, administration policy, military-political important program, financial plan and budget as well as national chairman government deliver the item discussed; At the same time, national government chairman has great power , has the designated relative veto power and urgent disposal right of right and proposal. Again stipulate national government " administrative courtyard existing department meeting and will set up no matter in department meeting the committee member total of government affairs, will with 7 seats or 8 seats besides, invite Kuomintang personage acts as ".
( 2) peace build country guiding principle. This guiding principle includes " general rule" , " people's right" , " politics" , " military affairs" , " diplomacy" , " economy and finance" , " education and culture" , " properly handle the remaining problems to relieve " and " affairs concerning nationals living abroad " etc. 9 Zhang. When "general rule" in one Zhang, each party grouping of assigned whole country " solidarity, construction the new China of unified free democracy "; Carry out " political democratization and the national and party grouping equality of armed forces legal "; " solve political dispute with political method in order to keep the national flat development of the sum ".
When" people's right" in one Zhang, stipulate " ensure people enjoy body, thought, religion, faith, speech, publication and assembly , form an association, live and move , communication freedom " and " strictly forbid administration of justice besides and policeman any office or individual, have arrest, interrogation and the behavior of punishment people, commit person should be penalized ".
When "politics" in one Zhang stipulation " neat different levels administrative organizations, it is unified draw a clear line right duty, cancel everything Pian branch office, simplify administrative formality, implement stratified take the responsibility "; " ensure competent people, choose a person for the job do not assign is other, taking ability and qualifications and record of service as standard, prohibit part-time job and is private to quote "; " strictly enforce supervisory system , punish severely corruption, convenient people inform against freely "; " carry out local autonomy actively, implement from take off go up general election "; " central government picks right doctrine with the limits of authority of place, every place has to adopt according to local conditions measure, but the regulation that province and county issue , must not be balanced with central decree Chu ".
When "military affairs" in one Zhang, stipulate " the organizational system of armed forces should suit the needs of national defence, depend on democracy Zheng system and the reform military system of national conditions, carry out military party divides to stand, military people divides to treat, improve military education, substantiate equipment, improve personnel matters and manager system, with build modern country army "; " nation-wide armed forces should draw back volume conscientiously according to military plan ".
When" economy and finance" in one Zhang, stipulate " prevent the development of bureaucratic capital, and strictly forbid government officials use its power position, is engaged in in speculation, monopoly, tax evasion and smuggling , peculate public money with use means of transportation illegally "; " carrying out to reduce rent reduce breath, protection Dian right, guarantee to deliver rent , enlarge agricultural loans , strictly forbid to do good to exploitation high in order to improve peasant life , and carry out land law in order to reach the purpose of 'Geng Zhe You Qi Tian' "; " carry out labour law , improve working conditions "; " finance publicizes. Strictly enforce the budget system of final accounts , reduce expense, balanced income and expenses, divide central and local finance, contraction currency, stabilize currency system, announce internal and external debt raise and use, by the office supervisor of public opinion "; " reform tax system, eradicate is hard and miscellaneous and share out illegally ".
When" education and culture" in one Zhang, stipulate " ensure academic freedom, do not interfere school with the political thought of religious belief administration "; " in state budget, increase the ratio of the educational funds of cultural undertakings "; " abolishment wartime the inspection of post and telecommunications, publication, film, drama and the news of enforcement method ".
( 3) the agreement about the problem of National Congress. This agreement stipulates , the representative of National Congress " increase party grouping and the social representative of prominent person 700 ", " the first class of National Congress authority is established constitution ".
( 4) the agreement about the problem of draft constitution. This agreement stipulates , organize constitution rough consideration committee , modify the draft constitution of Kuomintang; And have stipulated the principle of constitution rough modification. Only for the authority of National Congress and government institution, having made principle to stipulate , have made stipulation especially for local system and the right duty of people. About local system, stipulate " determine province is the highest unit of local autonomy "; " province the partition with central limits of authority according to right doctrine stipulation "; " governor people chooses "; " so as to avoid established province constitution , but must not conflict with country constitution ". About the right duty of people, stipulate " all democratic national people should enjoy freedom and right, should receive the guarantee of constitution , do not receive illegal intrude "; " about people, freedom stipulates if using law, must happen guarantee the spirit of freedom, it is not purpose with restriction "; " work labour should stipulate in autonomy law , does not stipulate in constitution "; " the minority nationality that inhabits a region in certain place should ensure its autonomy ".
( 5) the agreement about military problem. This agreement stipulates " the system of armed forces should depend on the democracy of our country Zheng system and national conditions carry out reform "; " improve the degree of universal military service "; " the education of armed forces should depend on to build military principle handle , surpass forever besides the systematic and personal relation of party grouping "; " carry out military party divides to stand ", " any party grouping and individual must not be using armed forces Zheng compete tool "; " carry out military people divides to treat "," the serviceman that holds a post all in armed forces must not also hold administrative government officials". About reorganization Kuomintang armed forces and the armed forces of liberated area, stipulate " 3 military persons group should decide the reorganization method of the Communist Party of China of armed forces promptly according to original plan, reorganize to have been executed "; Kuomintang armed forces" complete the reorganization of 90 divisions of it promptly according to military-political department original plan in 6 months"; " two last reorganizations have been executed , should have whole country again the unified reorganization of armed forces is 50 divisions or 60 divisions ".
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